Published Research

How ELIT was used

Long-term deployment tool — tested for sensor drift, accuracy, and response stability under harsh industrial conditions.

Stability evidence

Electrodes maintained 95–102% of their theoretical Nernstian slope over 30 days of continuous flow operation — direct evidence of exceptional long-term stability in demanding environments.

How ELIT was used

The ELIT ISE array formed the 'electronic tongue' — PVC and crystal membrane sensors provided the ionic profiles used for principal component analysis.

How ELIT was used

Sole analytical instrument for all fluoride determinations across the water sources surveyed.

Stability evidence

ELIT was the only measurement tool relied upon across a multi-source public health fluoride survey — trusted to produce results that would stand up to scientific scrutiny and directly inform public health guidance on safe fluoride levels in drinking water.

How ELIT was used

Fluoride measurement tool — results from ELIT electrode were benchmarked against ICP-AES as the reference method, demonstrating equivalent accuracy.

How ELIT was used

ELIT multi-channel ISE array provided the simultaneous multi-ion potential readings that the neural network processed — demonstrating over an order of magnitude decrease in relative error compared to standalone sensor measurements.

Stability evidence

ELIT ISEs provided consistent Nernstian slope data across all eight ion channels, enabling the neural network charge-balance model to be validated across diverse natural water samples.

How ELIT was used

Residual copper measurement — tracked removal efficiency throughout the adsorption process, providing data on treatment effectiveness at each stage.

How ELIT was used

Core measurement platform — the ELIT 9808 measured K⁺, NH₄⁺, Cl⁻, Na⁺, F⁻, and Ca²⁺ in each sample simultaneously, enabling PCA-based water fingerprinting.

Stability evidence

Simultaneous measurement of 6 ions from the same sample aliquot eliminated time-delay errors between readings and minimised sample volume use. ELIT's 8-channel architecture was the only practical way to generate the complete ionic fingerprint each well required — sequential single-ion instruments would have produced incomparable, time-shifted data.

How ELIT was used

Primary measurement instrument — validated against regulatory fluoride thresholds for public health reporting.

Stability evidence

Fluoride dietary exposure assessments in children require analytically defensible results — ELIT measurements were compared directly against international regulatory thresholds, meaning accuracy was a precondition for the study's public health conclusions. Being the trusted instrument for a peer-reviewed BMC Public Health child nutrition study confirms ELIT's suitability for regulated analytical work.

How ELIT was used

The ELIT 9808 and ISE array formed the full electronic tongue system — simultaneous multi-parameter ionic profiling was the foundation of the PCA-based discrimination method.

Stability evidence

The ELIT 9808 was not just a component — it was the entire electronic tongue. Without a multi-channel analyser capable of measuring 7 ions simultaneously from a single sample, the PCA-based water classification method would have been impossible. ELIT's parallel measurement architecture was the technological prerequisite for the research.

How ELIT was used

ELIT sulfide ISE cited as a validated analytical tool for sulfide determination in complex environmental matrices with minimal sample preparation.

Stability evidence

The solid-state ELIT design is highlighted for superior resistance to the highly corrosive sulfide matrix compared to conventional liquid-membrane alternatives.

How ELIT was used

The ELIT multi-channel system enabled simultaneous NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻ monitoring throughout the composting timeline, providing the data needed to characterise each maturation stage.

How ELIT was used

Sensing elements providing raw mV signal — the study used ELIT electrodes as the baseline hardware to demonstrate neural-network-based interference compensation.

How ELIT was used

Fluoride quantification in dissolved mineral matrices — ELIT electrode provided rapid, precise F⁻ readings.

How ELIT was used

Offline nitrate measurement throughout the experiment — validated ELIT 8021 against colorimetric standards and used results to refine the stoichiometric media model.

Where Nico2000 products were used

Methodology reference — Nico2000's ISE measurement guidelines are cited as the established standard protocol for calcium ion measurement used to validate the alginate's scale-inhibition performance.

Patent significance

Chevron's patent team named Nico2000's ISE methodology as the reference standard for Ca²⁺ measurement in industrial-scale oil and gas scale inhibition research — confirming that Nico2000's analytical protocols carry enough authority to anchor evidence in a major energy company patent.

How ELIT was used

Each reactor was equipped with ELIT sensors to provide continuous real-time monitoring of NH₄⁺, NO₃⁻, and ORP — data impossible to obtain by batch sampling alone.

Stability evidence

ELIT sensors were permanently installed in each reactor vessel, providing 24/7 continuous multi-ion and ORP data across all experimental conditions. The transient ion concentration spikes that define anaerobic biological response would have been invisible to periodic grab-sampling — only ELIT's continuous measurement made the study's findings possible.

How ELIT was used

Core sensing element — ELIT nitrate ISE was integrated into the LoRaWAN node, transmitting readings every 15 minutes to a cloud server without on-site attendance.

Stability evidence

Sensor maintained accurate readings over multi-week autonomous field deployment, demonstrating suitability for unattended remote monitoring.

How ELIT was used

Primary field measurement tool — ELIT 8021 results were compared directly against standard colorimetric reference methods for UK agricultural conditions.

Stability evidence

The study found ISE results were comparable to laboratory methods, validating the approach for operational farm use.

How ELIT was used

Ion quantification in plant material extracts — K⁺ and Cl⁻ measurements used to characterise selective ionic uptake mechanisms.

How ELIT was used

Real-time nitrate measurement in root solution — the ELIT 9801 enabled continuous monitoring of NO₃⁻ depletion over the course of each experiment.

How ELIT was used

Primary analytical platform — the full range of ELIT ISEs used to measure N, K, Ca, and NH₄⁺ from soil extracts.

How ELIT was used

Reference technology — ELIT electrode specifications were used as the benchmark for nitrate ISE response time and detection limits.

Stability evidence

When researchers surveyed the entire field of soil nutrient sensing technologies, ELIT's published electrode specifications — response time, detection limits, selectivity coefficients — were the baseline performance parameters all competing technologies were measured against. ELIT's datasheets being cited in an academic technology review confirms that the published specifications are trusted as a reliable field reference.

How ELIT was used

Nico2000/ELIT selected as the ISE sensor platform for NO₂⁻, NO₃⁻, and NH₄⁺ monitoring based on accuracy and stability — compared against competing sensor technologies in the system design.

Stability evidence

Nico2000 sensors were selected over alternatives specifically for their stability in the variable ionic strength conditions of aquaponic systems.

How ELIT was used

Primary ammonium measurement instrument — concentrations measured throughout multiple feeding trials to establish nitrogen budget data.

How ELIT was used

Primary Ca²⁺ measurement tool — the Nico2000 calcium ISE tracked ion release throughout phytase treatment experiments, providing real-time data on calcium mobilisation that batch sampling could not capture.

How ELIT was used

Reference measurement system — the ELIT 8-channel analyser provided the continuous pH baseline against which the new optical methods were validated.

Stability evidence

The ELIT system provided a stable continuous reference over the full duration of fermentation experiments, enabling direct comparison between measurement approaches.

How ELIT was used

The ELIT 8-channel analyser provided continuous, automated pH monitoring throughout multi-day deamidation kinetic experiments — its stability under continuous operation was essential to capturing slow degradation rates accurately.

Stability evidence

Automated recalibration capability and stable pH response throughout extended pharmaceutical kinetic runs confirmed the ELIT system's suitability for slow-reaction monitoring that conventional meters could not sustain.

How ELIT was used

Ion release monitoring — ELIT ISEs tracked Cl⁻ and Ag⁺ concentrations in dissolution media, providing real-time release profiles that defined the particle's antimicrobial dosing behaviour.

Stability evidence

ELIT electrodes provided consistent baseline readings throughout multi-hour release experiments, confirming suitability for slow-release characterisation studies.

How ELIT was used

ELIT interface used as the reference potentiometric system — new sensor membranes were validated against ELIT hardware readings to confirm Nernstian response and selectivity.

How ELIT was used

Core measurement tool — ELIT 8211 provided the Ag⁺ concentration data that allowed the researchers to distinguish between nanoparticle-specific and ion-mediated genotoxicity.

Stability evidence

Separating two fundamentally different genotoxicity mechanisms required Ag⁺ concentration data that was precise enough to be conclusive — any measurement drift or interference would have made the mechanistic distinction impossible to prove. ELIT 8211 delivered the clean, reproducible Ag⁺ readings on which a Toxicology (Elsevier) publication's key finding rested.

How ELIT was used

Both Ca²⁺ and F⁻ measurement instruments — ELIT sensors tracked ion release profiles across different ionic conditions, temperature ranges, and formulations.

How ELIT was used

Comparison reference hardware — ELIT 8801 interface used for validation of the new electrode against established Nernstian response standards.

How ELIT was used

Primary monitoring system — the ELIT 6-channel flow monitor was the core measurement technology evaluated for industrial deployment.

Stability evidence

ELIT electrodes maintained 95–102% of theoretical Nernstian slope over 30 continuous days — the strongest published evidence of long-term solid-state ISE stability in industrial conditions.

How ELIT was used

Ca²⁺ and F⁻ measurement throughout the carbonation process — ELIT sensors tracked ion concentrations to optimise reaction conditions and verify containment of toxic fluoride.

How ELIT was used

Measurement and data acquisition platform — the ELIT analyser provided the mV readings used to construct titration curves.

Where Nico2000 products were used

Ion measurement system for process monitoring — cited as equipment used to validate cleaning and treatment formulations.

Patent significance

ELIT equipment was selected by a global consumer goods R&D team as the measurement platform for validating a new class of enzyme-based industrial cleaning compositions — confirming that ELIT's reliability and reproducibility meets the rigorous evidence standards required for commercial patent submissions.

Where Nico2000 products were used

Multi-channel pH monitoring platform — Nico2000 is cited as the supplier of pH multimeters capable of supporting up to 24 pH probes simultaneously, enabling the high-throughput parallel pH measurement required by the automated formulation system.

Patent significance

Syngenta's patented automation system specifically required simultaneous pH monitoring across up to 24 parallel sample vessels — a multi-channel density that Nico2000's pH multimeter range uniquely provided. No conventional single-channel instrument could have enabled the invention; Nico2000's scalability was a technical prerequisite for the patented system.

Where Nico2000 products were used

Core pH control and monitoring system — the Nico2000 ELIT 6-channel unit was connected to solenoid valves to regulate gas supply and maintain pH at target levels, cited by brand name in both the US application and the granted European patent.

Patent significance

The Nico2000 ELIT 6-channel system is named within both the US patent application and the granted European patent specification — meaning the patented apparatus is explicitly built around Nico2000 technology. This is the strongest form of industry endorsement: the invention cannot be replicated without Nico2000 equipment.

How ELIT was used

Primary F⁻ measurement instrument — ELIT 8221 and ELIT 001 were the sole ISE pair used for all fluoride measurements across all materials and time points.

Stability evidence

ELIT 8221 + ELIT 001 provided consistent readings across a 6-week multi-point study — demonstrating the electrode pair's reliability for long-duration fluoride release kinetics.

How ELIT was used

Fluoride release measurement throughout dissolution experiments — the ELIT 003n reference electrode and F⁻ ISE provided the reliable potentiometric baseline required for accurate fluoride quantification in simulated oral fluids.

Stability evidence

ELIT 003n reference electrode specifically selected (and cited by model number) for its stable, non-leaching lithium acetate junction — critical in fluoride-sensitive biomaterials research where KCl contamination would invalidate results.

How ELIT was used

Core measurement system — the ELIT 8041 and 003n reference were the validated ISE pair for Ca²⁺ flux measurement throughout multi-day experiments.

Stability evidence

ELIT 8041 baseline drift measured at less than 0.5 mV per hour during continuous 48+ hour immersion — enabling mathematically valid kinetic rate calculations over extended experiments.

How ELIT was used

Complete ISE measurement system — ELIT electrodes and head provided the real-time K⁺ diffusion data that batch sampling of the same system could not have yielded.

Stability evidence

The multi-component ELIT system (ISE + 003n reference + 201 head + 4-channel analyser) demonstrated stable, consistent readings throughout diffusion experiments — validating the approach for kinetic dental research.

How ELIT was used

Core measurement pair — the ELIT Ca²⁺ and F⁻ ISEs simultaneously monitored ion flux from enamel samples, providing the kinetic data needed to quantify the inhibitory effect of each silver compound tested.

Stability evidence

Extended immersion stability of both ELIT electrodes was essential to the study design, enabling multi-day kinetic comparisons between test compounds.

How ELIT was used

Ca²⁺ and F⁻ measurement instruments throughout dissolution experiments — tracked ion release profiles across different ionic conditions and temperatures.

How ELIT was used

Primary K⁺ measurement instrument — ELIT electrode provided the real-time potassium data used to establish the lethal mechanism and the protective effect of zinc gluconate.

Stability evidence

In research where the goal was to prove a life-threatening mechanism and validate a life-saving treatment, ELIT was the sole instrument for all plasma K⁺ measurements. Its precision was the difference between proving or disproving the hyperkalaemia hypothesis. The findings from this PLOS ONE study directly informed emergency treatment protocols for cubozoan envenomation — one of the most lethal marine stings in tropical waters.

How ELIT was used

Ion measurement platform for all mineral analyses in the milk samples.

How ELIT was used

Core analytical instrument — the 8-channel ELIT analyser enabled simultaneous multi-ion assay of the same saliva samples, reducing sample volume requirements.

Stability evidence

Saliva samples from duct-ligated glands are inherently scarce. The 8-channel ELIT system measured all clinically relevant ions from the same aliquot simultaneously — no other approach could have generated this multi-ion dataset without collecting significantly more sample. ELIT's parallel architecture was essential to the study design.

Where Nico2000 products were used

Primary K⁺ measurement instrument — ELIT 8031 with 003N reference electrode provided the plasma potassium data used to establish the lethal mechanism of toxin exposure and the therapeutic efficacy of zinc gluconate treatment.

Patent significance

Precise plasma K⁺ measurement was the cornerstone of the patent's proof-of-concept — the ELIT 8031 generated the quantitative data establishing both the lethal hyperkalaemia mechanism and the therapeutic efficacy of zinc gluconate. The patent's key claims are directly grounded in data produced by ELIT instrumentation.

Where Nico2000 products were used

Calcium ion measurement in dissolution experiments — Nico2000 calcium ISE used in Example 8 to measure Ca²⁺ release from the novel dental glass compositions, cited explicitly by manufacturer name across both the 2018 original and 2023 continuation application.

Patent significance

QMUL's dental materials group selected Nico2000's calcium ISE to generate the dissolution data that directly underpins the patent's claims about remineralisation performance. The same research group cited ELIT again in their 2025 fluoride patent (WO2025114570A1), demonstrating sustained institutional trust in Nico2000 across multiple patent filings spanning seven years.

Where Nico2000 products were used

Primary fluoride measurement instrument — the ELIT 9808 8-channel analyser with F⁻ ISE was explicitly cited in the patent's experimental methodology for all fluoride release and concentration measurements used to characterise the new crystal forms.

Patent significance

The ELIT 9808 was selected by a multidisciplinary QMUL team across dental, biomedical, and chemistry departments — confirming its continued status as the instrument of choice for rigorous fluoride release studies in dental materials research.

How ELIT was used

Nico2000 cited as a primary commercial provider of cost-effective, high-accuracy ISE hardware — referenced as the benchmark for all-solid-state electrode performance compared to ICP-OES reference methods.

Stability evidence

The review highlights the all-solid-state Nico2000/ELIT design as superior to liquid-membrane alternatives for long-term deployment stability — a key finding that positions ELIT as the field standard.

How ELIT was used

Chloride monitoring system — ELIT electrode tracked Cl⁻ concentration in treatment baths throughout the desalination process, determining when treatment was complete.

How ELIT was used

Real-time data acquisition — the ELIT 9804 was connected directly to the reaction vessel to capture ion concentration oscillations at the frequency required by reaction kinetics.

Stability evidence

The Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction generates oscillations on timescales of seconds to minutes — periodic grab-sampling is physically incapable of capturing this. The ELIT 9804's continuous direct connection was the only technically feasible approach; the entire study depends on the oscillation waveform data that only real-time monitoring could produce.

How ELIT was used

Reference multi-channel potentiometer — ELIT 4-channel analyser provided validated reference readings for comparison against newly developed sensor systems.

How ELIT was used

Reference hardware — ELIT multi-channel interfaces used to demonstrate 12-channel simultaneous potential determination in under 6.5 minutes.

Stability evidence

ELIT ISEs showed calibration curves with consistent Nernstian slopes, enabling the standardisation protocol to be validated across multiple ion types.

How ELIT was used

Reference instrument — ELIT 9808 provided the validated mV baseline against which the new sensor's performance was compared.

How ELIT was used

Subject and demonstration hardware — ELIT 8041 specifications and results cited as the practical standard for calcium ISE monitoring.

How ELIT was used

Subject of study — ELIT electrodes were the hardware evaluated for response characteristics, detection limits, and flow-vs-static performance differences.

How ELIT was used

Ion concentration measurement during synthesis and characterisation — ELIT 2-channel analysers provided the ionic data used to confirm compound purity and quantify anion-transport activity.

How ELIT was used

Reference electrode — ELIT 8241 Cd²⁺ ISE potentiometric response data was used as the validated benchmark against which the novel chalcogenide glass sensor's selectivity and detection limits were assessed.

Where Nico2000 products were used

Validation benchmark — Nico2000 potassium and nitrate ISEs were used to test the performance of the newly developed planar reference electrode, confirming compatible potentiometric response for field-deployable sensor systems.

Patent significance

Mimos selected Nico2000 ISEs as the gold-standard benchmark their new invention had to demonstrate parity with — the patent's claims are only credible because they prove equivalence to Nico2000 performance. Being named as the reference instrument by a national technology institute confirms Nico2000 as the accepted commercial standard in the ISE field.

Where Nico2000 products were used

Validation benchmark — Nico2000 nitrate ISE was used to test the three nano-porous reference electrode variants, with all three giving equivalent response signals and confirming compatibility with commercial ELIT/Nico2000 sensing electrodes.

Patent significance

In the follow-on Mimos patent, all three variants of the new leak-free reference electrode were required to match the Nico2000 nitrate ISE's response to prove validity — confirming Nico2000 as the recognised baseline that next-generation sensors are measured against. Two successive Mimos patents both chose Nico2000 as the benchmark, demonstrating consistent industry recognition.